Pat Hines wrote: James Madison stated that there were NO implied powers of any kind in the Constitution. Sorry, you're wrong there. James Madison, during debate on what would become the 10th Amendment: It [is] impossible to Confine a Government to the exercise of express powers; there must necessarily be admitted powers by implication, unless the Constitution descended to recount every minutiae. The Congress and the ratifying states accepted Madison's view and the 10th came to us complete with an original intent stamp of implied powers. Scribe, I hope you don't mind, but I posted this to alt.thought.southern, since otherwise Brother Hines would not see it. JFE James F. Epperson
http://members.aol.com/jfepperson/causes.html A student who changes the course of history is usually taking an exam